摘要
大气污染是当前全球面临的重大环境问题之一，化学方法在大气污染控制中发挥着核心作用。随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，我国大气污染呈现复合型、区域化特征，臭氧和细颗粒物污染问题尤为突出。本文系统综述了大气污染控制化学方法的研究进展，构建了包括催化净化法、吸收/吸附法、高级氧化法等在内的技术体系框架。在此基础上，深入分析了烟气脱硫脱硝技术、挥发性有机物控制技术、新型催化材料开发、大气化学转化机理等关键领域的研究进展，探讨了典型区域污染特征与控制实践。研究表明，当前大气污染控制化学方法呈现出催化材料高性能化、多污染物协同控制、过程资源化与碳中和、管控精准化智能化的发展趋势。低温SCR脱硝催化剂、钙钛矿型催化材料、Fe(II)EDTA络合吸收-电催化技术等取得了重要突破。未来应加强催化材料创新、反应机理研究和技术系统集成，推动大气污染控制化学方法的持续进步。
关键词： 大气污染控制；化学方法；脱硫脱硝；VOCs治理；催化材料；反应机理
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the major environmental problems facing the world today, and chemical methods play a core role in air pollution control. With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, air pollution in China presents composite and regional characteristics, with ozone and fine particulate matter pollution being particularly prominent. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of chemical methods for air pollution control, constructing a technical system framework including catalytic purification, absorption/adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes. On this basis, it deeply analyzes the research progress in key areas such as flue gas desulfurization and denitrification technologies, volatile organic compounds control technologies, novel catalytic material development, and atmospheric chemical transformation mechanisms, and explores typical regional pollution characteristics and control practices. Research shows that current chemical methods for air pollution control present development trends of high-performance catalytic materials, multi-pollutant synergistic control, process resource utilization and carbon neutrality, and precise and intelligent control. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in low-temperature SCR denitrification catalysts, perovskite-type catalytic materials, and Fe(II)EDTA complex absorption-electrocatalysis technology. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen catalytic material innovation, reaction mechanism research, and technology system integration to promote the continuous progress of chemical methods for air pollution control.
Key words： Air pollution control; Chemical methods; Desulfurization and denitrification; VOCs treatment; Catalytic materials; Reaction mechanism
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