摘要
为了解广东省加油站大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染特征，于2020年12月至2021年4月采用在线单光子电离质谱仪（SPI-MS）对省内81座加油站开展走航监测。结果表明，不同品牌加油站的VOCs浓度存在差异。私营加油站的污染水平最高，社会加油站的污染水平最低。各品牌加油站总VOCs平均浓度为82~177 μg/m3。VOCs组分主要包括含氧含氮烃、烷烃、卤代烃、有机硫、烯烃和芳香烃。其中，芳香烃（30.0%~37.4%）与烷烃（21.0%~27.3%）为主，两者合计占比最高为中海油（60.6%）。共列出54种特征污染物，甲苯、二甲苯/乙苯、壬烷、三甲苯、甲基环己烷和戊烯为各品牌的共同前六特征污染物。加油站大气VOCs排放特征分析有助于控制加油站的大气VOCs污染。
关键词： 广东省；加油站；挥发性有机物（VOCs）；走航监测；质谱
Abstract
To investigate the pollution characteristics of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at gas stations in Guangdong Province, online single-photon ionization mass spectrometry (SPI-MS) was employed to conduct on-road monitoring of 81 gas stations in the province from December 2020 to April 2021. The results showed differences in VOCs concentrations among gas stations of different brands. Private gas stations had the highest pollution levels, while independent gas stations had the lowest. The average concentrations of total VOCs ranged from 82 to 177 μg/m³ in each brand gas station. The VOCs components mainly include oxygenated/nitrogenated hydrocarbons, alkanes, halogenated hydrocarbons, organic sulfur compounds, olefins, and aromatic hydrocarbons. Among them, aromatic hydrocarbons (30.0%-37.4%) and alkanes (21.0%-27.3%) are the main components, and the highest proportion of the two is China National Offshore Oil Corporation (60.6%). A total of 54 characteristic pollutants were listed. Toluene, xylene/ethylbenzene, nonane, trimethylbenzene, methylcyclohexane and pentene were the common top six characteristic pollutants of each brand. The analysis of atmospheric VOCs emission characteristics at gas stations is helpful to control atmospheric VOCs pollution at gas stations.
Key words： Guangdong province; Gas station; Volatile organic compounds (VOCs); On-road monitoring; Mass spectrometry
参考文献 References
[1] Tunsaringkarn T, Siriwong W, Rungsiyothin A, et al. Occupational exposure of gasoline station workers to BTEX compounds in Bangkok, Thailand[J]. The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2012, 3(3): 117-125.
[2] Xie D H, Zhang X X, He Q Y, et al. Establishment of pollutant component spectrum of atmospheric emission sources in typical petrochemical enterprises in Hainan Province[C]//IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 233(5): 052018.
[3] Jia C, Fu X, Chauhan B, et al. Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at gas stations: a probabilistic analysis[J]. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2022, 15: 465-477.
[4] 毕申雨, 宋立来, 尹思涵, 等. 加油站及周边空气中VOCs物种构成与示踪特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(2): 620-628.
[5] Heidari E A, Sarkhosh M, Alidadi H, et al. Assessing VOC emissions from different gas stations: impacts, variations, and modeling fluctuations of air pollutants[J]. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1): 16617.
[6] 黄玉虎, 胡玮, 李贝贝, 等. 北京城市副中心（通州区）加油站VOCs排放清单[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(2): 618-625.
[7] 深圳市生态环境局. 深圳市在全省率先完成加油站三次油气回收治理[EB/OL]. (2025-04-01) [2026-05-11].
https://meeb.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/qt/gzdt/content/post_12101163.html.
[8] 麦泽彬. 在线VOCs质谱走航监测系统的研制及初步应用[D]. 广州: 暨南大学, 2019.
[9] 罗元, 刘杨, 周智, 等. 加油站三次油气回收装置设计与研究[J]. 机械管理开发, 2025, 40(3): 92-93.
[10] 王思宇, 黄玉虎, 胡玮, 等. 加油站油气处理装置作用及VOCs排放现状[J]. 环境科学研究, 2021, 34(2): 279-285.
[11] Zeng L, Yang B, Xiao S, et al. Species profiles, in-situ photochemistry and health risk of volatile organic compounds in the gasoline service station in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022, 842: 156813.